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Anthropology · Chapter 3

Symbols: Meaning Is Assigned, Not Natural

A symbol is anything that stands for something else because a group of people has agreed it does — and for no other reason. Leslie White put it plainly: a symbol’s meaning is bestowed on it by the people who use it, never discovered inside it. That is why a colour, a gesture, or a sound can mean one thing here and its opposite three borders away. Tap a symbol below, then read it from a different place and watch what happens to the meaning while the thing itself never moves.

Pick a symbol

Six symbols and three natural signs. Choose one on the right.

The link between form and meaning

A dashed link is a link that a community made and could unmake. A solid link is one nobody chose.
Symbols & natural signstap one to begin
Now read the same thing from…
Signifier and signifiedFerdinand de Saussure separated the form of a sign — a sound, a colour, a gesture — from the meaning attached to it, and observed that for symbols the strap between them is arbitrary. Nothing in the form requires the meaning. Pick a symbol to see the strap come loose.
Three tests for a symbol. Could a different group attach a different meaning to this same form? Could the same meaning be carried by an entirely different form? Must the meaning be taught to a newcomer? Three yeses means you are holding a symbol, not a natural sign.
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