In Griggs v. Duke Power (1971) the Court held that Title VII “proscribes not only overt discrimination but also practices that are fair in form, but discriminatory in operation.” Build such a practice here. Choose a screening rule that never mentions a protected trait, set how much evidence you have that it predicts the job, and watch the impact ratio, the burden-shifting ladder and three moral accounts respond in real time.
1 · Choose your screening rule
2 · How much evidence links it to the job?
15validation
3 · Applicants in each group
400per group
4 · Facts that change the legal shape
Read the numbers this way
The pass rates in the diploma and aptitude rules are the figures from the Griggs record and North Carolina census data. The others are illustrative but realistic, and the point they make does not depend on the decimal.