Every argument in this chapter rests on a prior claim about which beings can be wronged rather than merely damaged. Choose a criterion of moral status and watch twelve candidates — from a newborn to a lobster to a river — sort themselves into the circle or out of it. Then probe any one of them for the specific reason, and run the marginal-cases test on the rule you just chose.
1 · Choose the criterion of moral status
2 · Probe a candidate
Reading the dots. Green means inside the circle, amber means the theory puts the case on the line, grey means outside, violet means the theory refuses to sort at all.