Interactive Lab

Microbiology

play with it until it makes sense

All 90 lessons are here, six for every chapter. Each one runs in your browser, shows the numbers behind the picture, and needs nothing but this page.

by Dr. Akash Garg
All 90 lessons, by chapter

Open a chapter to see its six lessons. Each lesson also sits inside that chapter of the book, right under the section it belongs to.

1The Microbial World and Why It MattersWho the microbes are, and when one of them turns into trouble6 lessons›
1

Meet the Microbes

Zoom in on each of the six groups and compare their real sizes.

2

Where Your Microbes Live

Pick a body site. Then watch soap or a drug change who lives there.

3

Colonization, Infection, Disease

Set the dose and the defenses. Run the days and see which state you get.

4

Koch's Postulates

Run the four steps on three real cases. See where the proof holds up.

5

Place It on the Tree of Life

Read a cell's features, then place it in one of the three domains.

6

Name That Microbe

Build a two-part Latin name. Then fix one that was typed wrong.

2Microscopy, Staining & the Microbiology LabHow the lab makes a germ visible and gives it a name6 lessons›
1

How Small Is a Microbe?

Slide the zoom from millimeters down to nanometers. See why none of them show.

2

The Light Microscope

Tap the parts. Then dial the lens and the oil and watch the detail sharpen.

3

Why We Stain

Put one smear through six stains. See how much each one can tell you.

4

The Gram Stain

Run the four reagents and time the decolorizer. Watch both cells take color.

5

From Specimen to Answer

Drive the whole lab path. Collect, plate, streak, identify, then read the zones.

6

Read the Slide

Call the reaction, the shape and the grouping. Then write the report line.

3Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic CellsThe two ways a cell can be built, inside and out6 lessons›
1

Two Kinds of Cell

Build one of each, part by part. Then watch the size gap grow.

2

Inside the Bacterial Cell

Add each part, run the protein factory, then let a drug shut it down.

3

Gram-Positive vs Gram-Negative

Flip between the two envelopes. Set the wall, then run a Gram stain.

4

Build the Bacterial Surface

Add a capsule, flagella and pili. Raise the flow and see which cells hold on.

5

Endospores

Step through sporulation layer by layer. Then test what can kill a spore.

6

The Drug Target Map

Pick a drug class and follow it in. See what it hits and what blocks it.

4Bacterial Diversity & ClassificationSorting bacteria by shape, by stain and by the tests they pass6 lessons›
1

Build a Bacterium

Pick a shape and a grouping. Watch cocci, rods and spirals earn their names.

2

The Gram-Positive Bench

Pick Staphylococcus, Streptococcus or Clostridium. Run the tests that tell them apart.

3

Gram-negative Pathogens

Choose E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas or Neisseria. Plate it and read the result.

4

The Rule-Breakers

Run three stains on three rule-breakers. See which stain makes each one show.

5

Bacteria & Oxygen

Stab a thioglycollate tube and incubate it. Read where each oxygen group grows.

6

Name That Germ

Walk an unknown germ through a branching key, one choice at a time.

5Viruses, Fungi & ParasitesThe agents that are not bacteria at all6 lessons›
1

Anatomy of a Virus

Build a virus part by part. Read its size, and whether hand gel can kill it.

2

How a Virus Replicates

Step three kinds of virus from landing to release. Watch their paths split.

3

Yeasts, Molds & Dimorphic Fungi

Pick a fungus. Then drag the heat up and watch its growth form switch.

4

Protozoan Parasites

Run a parasite through its life cycle. Find the step that breaks the chain.

5

Roundworms & Flatworms

Compare ten worms at true size. Pick the test that would find each one.

6

Which Agent Is It?

Work eight cases from the first clue to the answer, with the reasoning shown.

6Microbial Growth & MetabolismWhat microbes eat, and what lets them grow6 lessons›
1

What Microbes Eat

Pick an energy source and a carbon source. Mix a broth and see if it clouds.

2

Oxygen and the Thioglycolate Tube

Set the jar and the depth air reaches. See where each oxygen group can grow.

3

The Growth-Favoring Range

Slide heat and acid together. Read the growth rate each setting gives.

4

Salt, Sugar and Water

Add salt or sugar, watch water leave the cell, and find the breaking point.

5

The Bacterial Growth Curve

Set the conditions and press play. Watch the count climb, then crash.

6

Reading the Culture Plate

Pick a medium and see what grows. Then tap a colony and read it.

7Microbial Genetics & How Resistance SpreadsHow a gene changes, and how it moves from cell to cell6 lessons›
1

The Central Dogma: DNA → RNA → Protein

Run a gene from DNA to RNA to protein. Then jam one step with a drug.

2

Point Mutations: One Base, One Protein

Swap, add or drop one base. See the codons and the protein change.

3

Horizontal Gene Transfer: Three Ways to Share DNA

Run the three sharing routes side by side. Then block each one in turn.

4

Anatomy of an R-Plasmid

Build an R plasmid gene by gene. Then test it against four drugs.

5

Selective Pressure: Why Survivors Take Over

Dose a dish of bacteria. Watch the resistant few take over, round by round.

6

Conjugation: Spreading Resistance Cell to Cell

Build the pilus, nick the plasmid, and pump one strand into the next cell.

8Controlling Microbes — Sterilization, Disinfection & AsepsisWays to kill microbes, and how clean each one leaves a surface6 lessons›
1

The Spectrum of Microbial Control

Slide from a light clean up to full sterilization. See what survives each step.

2

Physical Methods of Control

Run an autoclave cycle. Then compare heat, radiation and filters side by side.

3

The Spaulding Classification

Sort real items into three risk classes. Pick a way to process each one.

4

Antiseptics & Disinfectants

Mix an agent and set a contact time. See how far up the ladder it reaches.

5

The Microbial Death Curve

Set the starting load, the D-value and the soil. Chase the survivor curve down.

6

Medical vs Surgical Asepsis

Set up a sterile field. Then test it against the rules that break it.

9Antimicrobial DrugsWhat the drugs hit, and why some of them stop working6 lessons›
1

The Therapeutic Window

Slide the dose of four drugs. Watch the kill rise, and then the harm.

2

The Five Antibiotic Targets

Send a drug at each of the five targets. Watch that part of the cell fail.

3

Reading a Susceptibility Report

Measure the zones, read a strip and a tray, then sign each drug out.

4

Narrow vs. Broad Spectrum

Widen a drug's reach. Watch the good flora fall along with the germ.

5

How Bacteria Resist Antibiotics

Give a cell each defense. Then send in six drugs and see what gets through.

6

The Five Rights of Stewardship

Set the five rights for a real case. Run the course and see how it ends.

10How Microbes Cause DiseaseThe tools a microbe uses to get in and do harm6 lessons›
1

The Virulence Factor Toolkit

Arm a microbe one tool at a time. See which step of the attack fails.

2

Infectious Dose & Virulence

Drag the dose up. Compare a weak microbe with a fierce one.

3

Portals of Entry & Adhesins

Tap a way in on the body map. Meet the germs that use that door.

4

Exotoxins vs Endotoxin

Run a toxin past a cell, an autoclave and a vaccine. Read how the two differ.

5

Evading the Body’s Defenses

Send the immune system in. Then switch each escape trick on and off.

6

The Five Stages of Infection

Play an infection forward. Watch germ counts and symptoms rise and fall.

11Infection & EpidemiologyHow infection travels, and how an outbreak is counted6 lessons›
1

The Chain of Infection

Read the six links of one outbreak. Cut one and see the spread stop.

2

Routes of Transmission

Pick a route and set the distance. Add cover and see if the germ still lands.

3

Endemic · Epidemic · Pandemic

Add a wave of cases. Watch the curve cross the outbreak line and spread.

4

Outbreak Math

Work out incidence, prevalence, R nought and the share that must be immune.

5

The Big Four HAIs

Pick a device infection and work out its rate. Then check off its bundle.

6

Precautions & the Right PPE

Pick a germ and get the precaution level. Then dress the figure correctly.

12Innate ImmunityThe defenses you are born with, ready in minutes6 lessons›
1

Barriers — the First Line of Defense

Tap a body site to see its barrier. Then damage it and see what is left.

2

Phagocytosis, Step by Step

Step a phagocyte through the hunt, the meal and the kill. Then time it.

3

The Inflammatory Response

Step through redness, heat, swelling and pain. Then let it go body-wide.

4

Fever: Resetting the Thermostat

Set a dose and drag through one fever. Watch the chills, then the sweat.

5

The Three Outcomes of Complement

Pick a pathway and run the cascade. Count the tags, the alarms and the pores.

6

Interferons — the Antiviral Alarm

Let a virus loose in a sheet of cells. Race the alarm to the neighbors.

13Adaptive Immunity & ImmunizationThe defense that learns, remembers and can be trained6 lessons›
1

The Adaptive Response

Pick an antigen. Watch one lymphocyte get picked out of millions.

2

Helper vs Cytotoxic T Cells

Run an infection. Then drop the CD4 count and watch the whole defense slip.

3

Anatomy of an Antibody

Take the Y apart, switch between the five classes, and run its four jobs.

4

Primary vs Secondary Response

Set a dosing plan. Watch IgM and IgG rise, fade, then surge.

5

The Immunity Grid

Sort ten real cases into the grid. Watch each one's cover switch on and fade.

6

The Vaccine Bench

Open the vial on seven types. See what is inside, and who should skip it.

14Immune DisordersWhen the immune system goes too far, or falls short6 lessons›
1

The Four Types of Hypersensitivity

Run each of the four types. Then race their four clocks side by side.

2

Sensitization, Re-exposure, Anaphylaxis

Step from first contact to a severe reaction. Set the dose and read the pressure.

3

When Self-Tolerance Breaks

Pick one of seven diseases. See which tissue is hit, and watch the damage.

4

Immunodeficiency

Compare the two kinds. Drag the HIV timeline and watch CD4 cells fall.

5

Who Can Donate to Whom

Tap any donor and recipient pair. Hang the unit and watch what happens.

6

Grafts and Rejection

Set the match and the drug dose. Then run the graft out ten years.

15Infectious Diseases by Body SystemThe usual causes of infection, region by region6 lessons›
1

Skin & Wound Infections: How Deep?

Pick one of five skin infections. Run the clock and watch it dig in.

2

Respiratory Infections: Where They Strike

See where each one lands. Set distance, mask and airflow, then breathe.

3

Gut Infections: Cause & Route

Pick a gut germ and a dose. Read the odds, the clock and the washing that works.

4

Urogenital Infections & STIs

Watch a UTI climb the tract as catheter days add up. Then screen for quiet cases.

5

Sepsis & Meningitis: Read the Red Flags

Set the vital signs. Watch the score, the verdict and the odds move with them.

6

Match the Precautions

Pick a germ and set your precautions. Then count who still catches it.